Nuke Ransomware [Updated]

What is Nuke?

Newly-discovered ransomware-type malware, Nuke (also known as Nuclear #55) is designed to encrypt most stored data using RSA cryptography. During encryption, Nuke renames files using random characters and appends a ".0x5bm" or .nuclear55 extension.

Example of encrypted filenames: "bafd0lln90azb8g22.0x5bm" and "WdEf+adbcmWaEedc.nuclear55". Once the data is encrypted, Nuke generates two ransom-demand files: "!!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.html" and "!!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.txt" and changes the desktop wallpaper.

The message informs victims of the encryption and states that compromised files can only be decrypted using a unique key stored on remote servers controlled by cyber criminals. Unfortunately, this information is accurate.

Files are encrypted using asymmetric cryptography and, thus, two keys (public [encryption] and private [decryption]) are generated during the encryption process. Decryption without the private key is impossible and the victim is encouraged to pay to receive it.

Unlike other ransomware-type viruses, Nuke provides no payment instructions, however, it does include an email address (opengates@india.com) - users are encouraged to use this to contact cyber criminals. Victims can also attach one encrypted file. Cyber criminals decrypt the attached file and attach it to the reply containing payment instructions.

It is also stated that the payment must be submitted within 96 hours, otherwise the private key is deleted permanently. The size of ransom is currently unknown, however, research shows that this usually fluctuates between .5 and 1.5 Bitcoin (at time of writing, 1 BTC was equivalent to ~$610).

Be aware that cyber criminals commonly ignore victims, despite submitted payments. Therefore, paying often delivers no positive results - you will probably be scammed. Therefore, you should never attempt to contact these people or pay any ransom. There currently are no tools capable of restoring files encrypted by Nuke. You can only restore your data from a backup.

Screenshot of a message (wallpaper) encouraging users to contact the developers of Nuke ransomware (opengates@india.com) to decrypt their compromised data:

All ransomware-type viruses are virtually identical. As with Nuke, malware such as Cerber, Princess, Locky, etc. also encrypts files and demands ransom payments. Most ransomware uses asymmetric encryption algorithms. Therefore, the only major difference between them is the size of ransom.

Viruses such as Nuke are often distributed via unofficial download sources (for example, peer-to-peer networks, freeware download websites, etc.), malicious files attached to spam emails, trojans, and fake software updaters.

Therefore, you should be very cautious when downloading files from third party sources, and when opening files received from suspicious/unrecognized email addresses. Using a legitimate anti-virus/anti-spyware suite and keeping your installed software up-to-date is also paramount. The key to computer safety is caution.

Screenshot of Nuke ransomware text file (!!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.txt):

Screenshot of Nuke ransomware HTML file (!!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.html):

Screenshot of an updated variant of !!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.html file:

Screenshot of files encrypted by nuke (nuclear) ransomware (.nuclear55 extension):

Text presented in Nuke HTML and txt files ("!!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.html" and "!!_RECOVERY_instructions_!!.txt"):

NUCLEAR#55
!! Your files and documents on this computer have been encrypted !!
** What has happened to my files? **
Your important files on your computer; photos, documents, and videos have been encrypted. Your files were encrypted using AES and RSA encryption.
** What does this mean? **
File encryption was produced using a unique 256-bit key generated specifically for this machine. Encryption is a way of securing data and requires a special key to decipher.
Unforunate for you, this special key was encrypted using an additional layer of encryption; RSA. Your files were encrypted using the public RSA key. To truly reverse the unfortunate state of your files, you need the private RSA key which is only known by us.
** What should I do next? **
For your information your private key is a paid product. If you really value your data we suggest you start acting fast because you only short amount of time to recover your files before they are gone forever.
There are no solutions to this problem, and no anti-virus software can reverse the process of file encryption because we have also erased recent versions of your files which means you cannot use file recovery software.
Modifying your files in any way can damage your files permenantly and we will no longer be able to help you. Follow our terms assigned to you below, and we will have your files recovered.
You now have 72 hours to make payment before we destroy your encryption keys, leaving your files damaged for good
How do I recovering my files?
Without Bitcoins your files can never be recovered. Follow the steps below:
[1] => Create a Bitcoin wallet
In order to use Bitcoin you will need to setup your own Bitcoin wallet. We recommend blockchain.info. However, if you already own a Bitcoin wallet you can skip this step.
[2] => Purchase Bitcoins
There are a number of ways to purchase Bitcoins, whether you're paying by cash, credit/debit card, or direct from your bank account. A range of Bitcoin sellers make Bitcoins easy to obtain.
https://localbitcoins.com Buy bitcoins with bank transfer, cash, and Moneygram (best option - worldwide)
https://coinatmradar.com Buy bitcoins from local ATM machines
https://bittylicious.com Buy bitcoins with bank transfer or debit card (United Kingdom)
https://cex.io Buy bitcoins with credit/debit card or bank transfer)
https://btcdirect.eu Buy bitcoins in Europe
https://coincorner.com Buy bitcoins in Europe with credit or debit card
[3] => Send bitcoins to our address
You should send 2 BTC to our Bitcoin address: 1NLLrung1MaXucHpAzY5KjdK4y8woodJWt
[4] => Contact us and receive encryption keys, and file recovery software
- Send an email with the subject 'PAYMENT' along with 1 encrypted file attached [these end in .nuclear55], to opengates@india.com
- Wait for a response from us (up to 24-48 hours)
- Receive file decryption software to decrypt every encrypted file on the hard drive
- If you do not here from us after 3 days, register an account on mail.india.com and email us. Your mail provider may be blocking us
- We will not respond without proof of payment. If you waste our time, we will destroy your encryption key and waste the life of your files
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Our service is not designed to harm his/her computer in any way, but to provide a full decryption service of the intended computer and allow the user to regain access to the specified files.
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Nuke ransomware removal:

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Video suggesting what steps should be taken in case of a ransomware infection:

Quick menu:

• What is Nuke virus?
• STEP 1. Reporting ransomware to authorities.
• STEP 2. Isolating the infected device.
• STEP 3. Identifying the ransomware infection.
• STEP 4. Searching for ransomware decryption tools.
• STEP 5. Restoring files with data recovery tools.
• STEP 6. Creating data backups.

Reporting ransomware to authorities:

If you are a victim of a ransomware attack we recommend reporting this incident to authorities. By providing information to law enforcement agencies you will help track cybercrime and potentially assist in the prosecution of the attackers. Here's a list of authorities where you should report a ransomware attack. For the complete list of local cybersecurity centers and information on why you should report ransomware attacks, read this article.

List of local authorities where ransomware attacks should be reported (choose one depending on your residence address):

•  USA - Internet Crime Complaint Centre IC3
•  United Kingdom - Action Fraud
•  Spain - Policía Nacional
•  France - Ministère de l'Intérieur
•  Germany - Polizei
•  Italy - Polizia di Stato
•  The Netherlands - Politie
•  Poland - Policja
•  Portugal - Polícia Judiciária

Isolating the infected device:

Some ransomware-type infections are designed to encrypt files within external storage devices, infect them, and even spread throughout the entire local network. For this reason, it is very important to isolate the infected device (computer) as soon as possible.

Step 1: Disconnect from the internet.

The easiest way to disconnect a computer from the internet is to unplug the Ethernet cable from the motherboard, however, some devices are connected via a wireless network and for some users (especially those who are not particularly tech-savvy), disconnecting cables may seem troublesome. Therefore, you can also disconnect the system manually via Control Panel:

Navigate to the "Control Panel", click the search bar in the upper-right corner of the screen, enter "Network and Sharing Center" and select search result:

Click the "Change adapter settings" option in the upper-left corner of the window:

Right-click on each connection point and select "Disable". Once disabled, the system will no longer be connected to the internet. To re-enable the connection points, simply right-click again and select "Enable".

Step 2: Unplug all storage devices.

As mentioned above, ransomware might encrypt data and infiltrate all storage devices that are connected to the computer. For this reason, all external storage devices (flash drives, portable hard drives, etc.) should be disconnected immediately, however, we strongly advise you to eject each device before disconnecting to prevent data corruption:

Navigate to "My Computer", right-click on each connected device, and select "Eject":

Step 3: Log-out of cloud storage accounts.

Some ransomware-type might be able to hijack software that handles data stored within "the Cloud". Therefore, the data could be corrupted/encrypted. For this reason, you should log-out of all cloud storage accounts within browsers and other related software. You should also consider temporarily uninstalling the cloud-management software until the infection is completely removed.

Identify the ransomware infection:

To properly handle an infection, one must first identify it. Some ransomware infections use ransom-demand messages as an introduction (see the WALDO ransomware text file below).

This, however, is rare. In most cases, ransomware infections deliver more direct messages simply stating that data is encrypted and that victims must pay some sort of ransom. Note that ransomware-type infections typically generate messages with different file names (for example, "_readme.txt", "READ-ME.txt", "DECRYPTION_INSTRUCTIONS.txt", "DECRYPT_FILES.html", etc.). Therefore, using the name of a ransom message may seem like a good way to identify the infection. The problem is that most of these names are generic and some infections use the same names, even though the delivered messages are different and the infections themselves are unrelated. Therefore, using the message filename alone can be ineffective and even lead to permanent data loss (for example, by attempting to decrypt data using tools designed for different ransomware infections, users are likely to end up permanently damaging files and decryption will no longer be possible even with the correct tool).

Another way to identify a ransomware infection is to check the file extension, which is appended to each encrypted file. Ransomware infections are often named by the extensions they append (see files encrypted by Qewe ransomware below).

This method is only effective, however, when the appended extension is unique - many ransomware infections append a generic extension (for example, ".encrypted", ".enc", ".crypted", ".locked", etc.). In these cases, identifying ransomware by its appended extension becomes impossible.

One of the easiest and quickest ways to identify a ransomware infection is to use the ID Ransomware website. This service supports most existing ransomware infections. Victims simply upload a ransom message and/or one encrypted file (we advise you to upload both if possible).

The ransomware will be identified within seconds and you will be provided with various details, such as the name of the malware family to which the infection belongs, whether it is decryptable, and so on.

Example 1 (Qewe [Stop/Djvu] ransomware):

Example 2 (.iso [Phobos] ransomware):

If your data happens to be encrypted by ransomware that is not supported by ID Ransomware, you can always try searching the internet by using certain keywords (for example, a ransom message title, file extension, provided contact emails, crypto wallet addresses, etc.).

Search for ransomware decryption tools:

Encryption algorithms used by most ransomware-type infections are extremely sophisticated and, if the encryption is performed properly, only the developer is capable of restoring data. This is because decryption requires a specific key, which is generated during the encryption. Restoring data without the key is impossible. In most cases, cybercriminals store keys on a remote server, rather than using the infected machine as a host. Dharma (CrySis), Phobos, and other families of high-end ransomware infections are virtually flawless, and thus restoring data encrypted without the developers' involvement is simply impossible. Despite this, there are dozens of ransomware-type infections that are poorly developed and contain a number of flaws (for example, the use of identical encryption/decryption keys for each victim, keys stored locally, etc.). Therefore, always check for available decryption tools for any ransomware that infiltrates your computer.

Finding the correct decryption tool on the internet can be very frustrating. For this reason, we recommend that you use the No More Ransom Project and this is where identifying the ransomware infection is useful. The No More Ransom Project website contains a "Decryption Tools" section with a search bar. Enter the name of the identified ransomware, and all available decryptors (if there are any) will be listed.

Restore files with data recovery tools:

Depending on the situation (quality of ransomware infection, type of encryption algorithm used, etc.), restoring data with certain third-party tools might be possible. Therefore, we advise you to use the Recuva tool developed by CCleaner. This tool supports over a thousand data types (graphics, video, audio, documents, etc.) and it is very intuitive (little knowledge is necessary to recover data). In addition, the recovery feature is completely free.

Step 1: Perform a scan.

Run the Recuva application and follow the wizard. You will be prompted with several windows allowing you to choose what file types to look for, which locations should be scanned, etc. All you need to do is select the options you're looking for and start the scan. We advise you to enable the "Deep Scan" before starting, otherwise, the application's scanning capabilities will be restricted.

Wait for Recuva to complete the scan. The scanning duration depends on the volume of files (both in quantity and size) that you are scanning (for example, several hundred gigabytes could take over an hour to scan). Therefore, be patient during the scanning process. We also advise against modifying or deleting existing files, since this might interfere with the scan. If you add additional data (for example, downloading files/content) while scanning, this will prolong the process:

Step 2: Recover data.

Once the process is complete, select the folders/files you wish to restore and simply click "Recover". Note that some free space on your storage drive is necessary to restore data:

Create data backups:

Proper file management and creating backups is essential for data security. Therefore, always be very careful and think ahead.

Partition management: We recommend that you store your data in multiple partitions and avoid storing important files within the partition that contains the entire operating system. If you fall into a situation whereby you cannot boot the system and are forced to format the disk on which the operating system is installed (in most cases, this is where malware infections hide), you will lose all data stored within that drive. This is the advantage of having multiple partitions: if you have the entire storage device assigned to a single partition, you will be forced to delete everything, however, creating multiple partitions and allocating the data properly allows you to prevent such problems. You can easily format a single partition without affecting the others - therefore, one will be cleaned and the others will remain untouched, and your data will be saved. Managing partitions is quite simple and you can find all the necessary information on Microsoft's documentation web page.

Data backups: One of the most reliable backup methods is to use an external storage device and keep it unplugged. Copy your data to an external hard drive, flash (thumb) drive, SSD, HDD, or any other storage device, unplug it and store it in a dry place away from the sun and extreme temperatures. This method is, however, quite inefficient, since data backups and updates need to be made regularly. You can also use a cloud service or remote server. Here, an internet connection is required and there is always the chance of a security breach, although it's a really rare occasion.

We recommend using Microsoft OneDrive for backing up your files. OneDrive lets you store your personal files and data in the cloud, sync files across computers and mobile devices, allowing you to access and edit your files from all of your Windows devices. OneDrive lets you save, share and preview files, access download history, move, delete, and rename files, as well as create new folders, and much more.

You can back up your most important folders and files on your PC (your Desktop, Documents, and Pictures folders). Some of OneDrive’s more notable features include file versioning, which keeps older versions of files for up to 30 days. OneDrive features a recycling bin in which all of your deleted files are stored for a limited time. Deleted files are not counted as part of the user’s allocation.

The service is built using HTML5 technologies and allows you to upload files up to 300 MB via drag and drop into the web browser or up to 10 GB via the OneDrive desktop application. With OneDrive, you can download entire folders as a single ZIP file with up to 10,000 files, although it can’t exceed 15 GB per single download.

OneDrive comes with 5 GB of free storage out of the box, with an additional 100 GB, 1 TB, and 6 TB storage options available for a subscription-based fee. You can get one of these storage plans by either purchasing additional storage separately or with Office 365 subscription.

Creating a data backup:

The backup process is the same for all file types and folders. Here’s how you can back up your files using Microsoft OneDrive

Step 1: Choose the files/folders you want to backup.

Click the OneDrive cloud icon to open the OneDrive menu. While in this menu, you can customize your file backup settings.

Click Help & Settings and then select Settings from the drop-down menu.

Go to the Backup tab and click Manage backup.

In this menu, you can choose to backup the Desktop and all of the files on it, and Documents and Pictures folders, again, with all of the files in them. Click Start backup.

Now, when you add a file or folder in the Desktop and Documents and Pictures folders, they will be automatically backed up on OneDrive.

To add folders and files, not in the locations shown above, you have to add them manually.

Open File Explorer and navigate to the location of the folder/file you want to backup. Select the item, right-click it, and click Copy.

Then, navigate to OneDrive, right-click anywhere in the window and click Paste. Alternatively, you can just drag and drop a file into OneDrive. OneDrive will automatically create a backup of the folder/file.

All of the files added to the OneDrive folder are backed up in the cloud automatically. The green circle with the checkmark in it indicates that the file is available both locally and on OneDrive and that the file version is the same on both. The blue cloud icon indicates that the file has not been synced and is available only on OneDrive. The sync icon indicates that the file is currently syncing.

To access files only located on OneDrive online, go to the Help & Settings drop-down menu and select View online.

Step 2: Restore corrupted files.

OneDrive makes sure that the files stay in sync, so the version of the file on the computer is the same version on the cloud. However, if ransomware has encrypted your files, you can take advantage of OneDrive’s Version history feature that will allow you to restore the file versions prior to encryption.

Microsoft 365 has a ransomware detection feature that notifies you when your OneDrive files have been attacked and guide you through the process of restoring your files. It must be noted, however, that if you don’t have a paid Microsoft 365 subscription, you only get one detection and file recovery for free.

If your OneDrive files get deleted, corrupted, or infected by malware, you can restore your entire OneDrive to a previous state. Here’s how you can restore your entire OneDrive:

1. If you're signed in with a personal account, click the Settings cog at the top of the page. Then, click Options and select Restore your OneDrive.

If you're signed in with a work or school account,  click the Settings cog at the top of the page. Then, click Restore your OneDrive.

2. On the Restore your OneDrive page, select a date from the drop-down list. Note that if you're restoring your files after automatic ransomware detection, a restore date will be selected for you.

3. After configuring all of the file restoration options, click Restore to undo all the activities you selected.

The best way to avoid damage from ransomware infections is to maintain regular up-to-date backups.

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